BASIC FACTS

 THE LAND AND PEOPLE

 LOCATION SUDAN is located in the north corner of eastern Africa, between latitude 4 and 23 and longitudes 22 and 38.
BORDERS

The country shares borders with 9 Afro-Arab countries.

  Egypt to the North

 Libya to the North west.

Chad and C.A.R. to the west

Zaire, Uganda and Kenya to the South

Ethiopia and Eritrea to the east

Saudi Arabia across the Red Sea.
CLIMATE

SUDAN lies in tropical Africa.

 Its climate varies from equatorial in the south - Savanna   in the midlands.

Continental in the North.

 Mediteranian climate with winter rain in the east.
WINDS

For the most part, the country has tropical continental                                                           climate in which two winds play an important role:

 The Northerlies bring cool, dry weather in winter and heat in summer.

  The Southerlies  carry rain from the south in January and   reach their extreme in August.

 The  Northerlies :  dominate the desert regions of the   dry north. Temperatures are high and rainfall low :

 0.1 mm erage.

 The Southerlies: become more influential as we move   south, bringing rain with an annual average of 175mm. The rain season occupy the months of July, August and   September.

 Average rainfall in the South is (1.250 mm) The climate of the Red Sea area differs from the rest of Sudan, with    scattered showers in winter and humid hot tempratures in Summer.
PAIN FALL The annual rainfall is 1800 mm (72 inches) though at   Khartoum it is only 80 mm. The rainy season extends roughly from June to September.
TOPOGRAPHY Sudan is a country of plains and plateaus with scattered mountain ranges. Main peaks are the Imatong and   Nuba (Rising to some 1500 M) in the South - Gebel Mara (Extinct Volcano Over 3500 M. High) in the west - and the Red Sea Hills (over 2000M) in the east.
WATER RESOURCES From Uganda in the south to Egypt in the north runs the White Nile and the Blue Nile from the Ethiopian Highlands through 9000 kilometers.    
VEGETATION   Extremely varied equatiorial in the southern most part of the country changing to savanah,  marshland, long and short grasses in the states of  Kordofan, Darfur and central -semi-desert and desert to the North.
POPULATION

24,9 million  (1993) the population is concentrated  State).

The remainder of the country being sparsely inhabited.Annual demographic growth (around 3%)

 Distribution by sex

Males                                 13,900,000

Females                               13,100,000

Distribution by Age

Under 15 years of Age       11,520,369

15 to 65                                13,793,928

65+                                       1,674,603

  Distribution by  Type

 Urban Areas                  22.7%

 Rural Areas                   74.3%

 Nomands                         3.0%

Sudanese working abroad 2.7%
AREA

Sudan occupies 2,505,815 square kilometers (a pproximately one million square miles)

 The country is the largest in africa occupying 8.3 percent of its landscape      ranks 10th in the world.

STATES Since the advent of the National Salvation Revolution and the convening of the National Dialogue Conference, Sudan adopted the federal   republican system giving autonomous rule to different regions. It is widely accepted that this system suits the conditions of Sudan, a country with diversified ethnic, cultural and relegious groups.