Dimes, the ten-cent coins of the United States, have long been canvases for artistic expression and national symbolism. Beyond their monetary value, the inscriptions and designs on these coins offer rich narratives about the nation’s history, values, and artistic endeavors.
This article delves into the stories behind the inscriptions on some of the most iconic U.S. dimes.
1. Draped Bust Dime (1796–1807)
The Draped Bust dime, introduced in 1796, features Lady Liberty with flowing hair, symbolizing freedom and grace. The reverse showcases an eagle surrounded by a wreath, representing the fledgling nation’s strength and unity.
Notably, these early dimes lacked any indication of denomination, as the term “dime” was not yet standardized.
2. Capped Bust Dime (1809–1837)
In 1809, the Capped Bust dime was introduced, featuring Liberty with a cloth cap, known as a “pileus,” a symbol of freedom. The reverse depicted an eagle clutching arrows and an olive branch, signifying readiness for war and a desire for peace.
The inscription “E PLURIBUS UNUM” (Out of many, one) was added, emphasizing the unity of the states.
3. Seated Liberty Dime (1837–1891)
Designed by Christian Gobrecht, the Seated Liberty dime portrays Liberty seated on a rock, holding a staff topped with a liberty cap, and a shield inscribed with “LIBERTY.” The reverse features a wreath encircling the words “ONE DIME.”
This design underwent several modifications, including the addition of stars around Liberty and arrows beside the date to indicate changes in the coin’s weight.
4. Barber Dime (1892–1916)
Named after its designer, Chief Engraver Charles E. Barber, this dime depicts Liberty wearing a Phrygian cap and a laurel wreath, with “LIBERTY” inscribed on a headband.
The reverse showcases a simple wreath surrounding the denomination “ONE DIME.” The inclusion of “E PLURIBUS UNUM” reflects the nation’s motto.
5. Winged Liberty Head “Mercury” Dime (1916–1945)
Often mistaken for the Roman god Mercury, this dime actually features Liberty donning a winged cap, symbolizing freedom of thought. The reverse presents a fasces, a bundle of rods with an axe, intertwined with an olive branch, representing unity and peace.
The inscriptions “LIBERTY,” “IN GOD WE TRUST,” and “E PLURIBUS UNUM” highlight the nation’s values.
6. Roosevelt Dime (1946–Present)
Introduced in 1946 to honor President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the obverse features his profile, accompanied by “LIBERTY” and “IN GOD WE TRUST.”
The reverse displays a torch flanked by olive and oak branches, symbolizing liberty, peace, and strength, with “E PLURIBUS UNUM” above. This design reflects the nation’s respect for Roosevelt’s leadership and its enduring ideals.
| Coin | Obverse Inscription | Reverse Inscription | Symbolism |
|---|---|---|---|
| Draped Bust Dime (1796–1807) | None | None | Liberty’s flowing hair; eagle with wreath symbolizing strength and unity. |
| Capped Bust Dime (1809–1837) | “LIBERTY” | “E PLURIBUS UNUM” | Liberty with pileus; eagle with arrows and olive branch indicating war readiness and peace. |
| Seated Liberty Dime (1837–1891) | “LIBERTY” | “ONE DIME” | Liberty seated with staff and cap; wreath encircling denomination. |
| Barber Dime (1892–1916) | “LIBERTY” | “ONE DIME” | Liberty with Phrygian cap and laurel wreath; simple reverse wreath. |
| Mercury Dime (1916–1945) | “LIBERTY,” “IN GOD WE TRUST” | “E PLURIBUS UNUM” | Liberty with winged cap; fasces and olive branch denoting unity and peace. |
| Roosevelt Dime (1946–Present) | “LIBERTY,” “IN GOD WE TRUST” | “E PLURIBUS UNUM” | Roosevelt’s profile; torch with olive and oak branches symbolizing liberty, peace, and strength. |
The inscriptions and designs on U.S. dimes serve as miniature chronicles of the nation’s journey, encapsulating its evolving values, artistic expressions, and historical milestones. Each coin tells a story, inviting us to explore the rich tapestry of American heritage.
FAQs
1. Why was President Roosevelt chosen for the dime?
President Franklin D. Roosevelt was honored on the dime in 1946 due to his leadership during the Great Depression and World War II, as well as his association with the March of Dimes campaign against polio.
2. What does “E PLURIBUS UNUM” mean?
“E PLURIBUS UNUM” is Latin for “Out of many, one,” signifying the unity of the multiple states forming a single nation.
3. Why is the 1916–1945 dime called the “Mercury” dime?
The Winged Liberty Head dime is nicknamed the “Mercury” dime because Liberty’s winged cap resembles depictions of Mercury, the Roman messenger god.
4. What is the significance of the torch on the Roosevelt dime?
The torch on the Roosevelt dime represents liberty, flanked by olive and oak branches symbolizing peace and strength, respectively.
5. Why do some dimes lack the “IN GOD WE TRUST” inscription?
Earlier dimes, such as the Draped Bust and Capped Bust series, did not feature the “IN GOD WE TRUST” inscription, which was added to U.S. coinage during the Civil War era and became more prevalent in later designs.
